Genetics (researched in the field of genomics) problems with neural circuits chronic early, and chronic or short-term current environmental stress appear to be important causal factors. On a ranking scale of symptom progression relating to the schizophrenic spectrum, schizoaffective disorder falls between mood disorders and schizophrenia in regards to severity. The onset of symptoms usually begins in adolescence or young adulthood. Auditory hallucinations, or "hearing voices", are most common. Common symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech and thinking. There are three forms of schizoaffective disorder: bipolar (or manic) type (marked by symptoms of schizophrenia and mania), depressive type (marked by symptoms of schizophrenia and depression), and mixed type (marked by symptoms of schizophrenia, depression, and mania). This is a problem as treatment and prognosis differ greatly for most of these diagnoses. Schizoaffective disorder can often be misdiagnosed when the correct diagnosis may be psychotic depression, bipolar I disorder, schizophreniform disorder, or schizophrenia. The main criterion is the presence of psychotic symptoms for at least two weeks without any mood symptoms. This diagnosis requires symptoms of both schizophrenia (usually psychosis) and a mood disorder: either bipolar disorder or depression. Schizoaffective disorder ( SZA, SZD) is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal thought processes and an unstable mood. Depends on the individual, medication response, and therapeutic support available
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